Instructional Design Models

ADDIE Model

The ADDIE Model is a generic instructional design model that combines aspects of other models. Regardless of which model is chosen to conduct the instructional design process, some form of ADDIE will ensue. ADDIE is an acronym for the five steps generally followed to address a performance decrement. ADDIE is an iterative process, so the process is repeated upon evaluation until the final product is achieved.

Analyze: In this step, a front-end analysis is performed to define the problem by determining the space (or gap) between the existing state and the desired state of the subject of analysis. If the gap is caused by a lack of knowledge, then the learners and learner context are described so that the best course of action can be determined.
Design: During the design phase, instructional designers write learning or performance objectives, choose instructional strategies and decide on materials that need to be developed, physical requirements (such as required technology and space), and delivery methods. Evaluation methods are also determined during this phase.
Develop: In this phase, the materials from the design phase are created. Materials include all instructional and support documents, elearning modules, courses, assessment materials, videos and websites.
Implementation: The course goes live and is introduced to the learners. During this phase, formative assessments are important to inform further revisions.
Evaluation: The final phase is evaluation. Based on the performance metrics agreed upon in the Analysis phase, did the instruction or course solve the performance problem?